GovBriefly - Executive Order Summaries

Executive Order No. 14235: Restoring Public Service Loan Forgiveness

Executive Order 14235, issued on March 7, 2025, aims to revise the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program. Initially, the program was designed to forgive student loans for public service workers after 10 years of service and payments. The current administration criticizes the prior administration for misusing the program through waivers, asserting that funds have inadvertently supported organizations deemed harmful to national interests. The order mandates that organizations engaging in illegal activities, such as violating immigration laws, supporting terrorism, or discriminatory practices, should be excluded from the PSLF Program. The Secretary of Education, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, is tasked to revise regulations to ensure entities involved in these activities cannot benefit from loan forgiveness. The order also maintains that it does not alter the existing legal authority of executive agencies or the functions of the Office of Management and Budget.

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Executive Order No. 14234: Establishing the White House Task Force on the FIFA World Cup 2026

Executive Order 14234, issued on March 7, 2025, establishes the White House Task Force on the FIFA World Cup 2026. The order highlights the hosting of the FIFA Club World Cup 2025 and FIFA World Cup 2026 by the United States and sets up this task force to showcase national pride and support economic growth through these events. The President will chair the task force, with the Vice President as Vice Chair, and an Executive Director will oversee daily operations. The task force includes several key government officials, namely the Secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, Commerce, Transportation, and Homeland Security, along with the Attorney General, the Director of the FBI, and various Presidential assistants. This task force is tasked with coordinating efforts across government agencies for the planning and execution of the World Cup events. The Department of Homeland Security will provide administrative support and funding, and all agencies involved must submit their activity reports to the Executive Director by June 1, 2025. The task force is set to disband on December 31, 2026, unless extended by the President.

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Executive Order No. 14233: Establishment of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile

Executive Order 14233, issued on March 6, 2025, mandates the establishment of a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and a United States Digital Asset Stockpile. The order recognizes Bitcoin's fixed supply and its strategic advantage as "digital gold." The policy aims to manage these digital assets strategically for the nation's benefit. **Key Sections:** 1. **Background**: Highlights Bitcoin's scarcity and role as a secure store of value. The U.S. already holds significant Bitcoin assets, mostly accrued through forfeitures, but lacks a strategic management policy for these digital assets. 2. **Policy**: The U.S. will establish a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and a Digital Asset Stockpile intended for strategic and orderly management of the nation's digital asset holdings. 3. **Administration**: - The Secretary of the Treasury is tasked with creating an office to oversee the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, which will include Bitcoin acquired through forfeiture or penalties that is not needed for other financial obligations. - Each federal agency must review its authority to transfer Bitcoin to the reserve and report to the Treasury within 30 days. - The Treasury will also establish an office for maintaining the Digital Asset Stockpile, comprised of various digital assets (excluding Bitcoin) obtained in forfeiture proceedings. - Similar to Bitcoin, other agency-held digital assets must be reviewed and potentially transferred to this stockpile. - Strategies will be developed to responsibly steward these assets, ensuring they enhance national financial security and interests. The order sets the framework for a national strategy to manage and potentially grow the U.S. digital asset holdings.

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Executive Order No. 14232: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Southern Border

Executive Order 14232, signed on March 6, 2025, amends existing duties to address the flow of illicit drugs across the US-Mexico border. It specifically modifies tariffs outlined in Executive Order 14194. Automotive parts free of duty under the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) will not incur the additional duties described in the previous order. Additionally, the tariff on potash not covered by duty-free rules will be reduced from 25% to 10%. These changes take effect from March 7, 2025. The order ensures it does not interfere with existing legal authorizations, budgetary procedures, or create enforceable rights against the US.

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Executive Order No. 14230: Addressing Risks From Perkins Coie LLP

Executive Order 14230, issued on March 6, 2025, addresses concerns regarding Perkins Coie LLP. The order outlines the following actions: 1. **Purpose**: The order cites alleged misconduct by Perkins Coie, including involvement in creating a false dossier in 2016 and working with activist donors to overturn election laws. Additionally, Perkins Coie is accused of racial discrimination in its hiring practices, maintaining racially exclusionary policies. 2. **Security Clearance Review**: The order mandates the suspension and review of security clearances for individuals at Perkins Coie to determine if they align with national interests. The Office of Management and Budget is instructed to stop providing government resources to the firm. 3. **Contracting**: Federal contracting agencies are required to ensure that government contractors disclose any business with Perkins Coie. This aims to prevent taxpayer dollars from supporting entities connected to racial discrimination, falsified documents, or anti-democratic activities. These measures reflect a broader commitment to upholding laws and principles relating to national security and democratic processes, and ensuring that federal funds are not supporting discriminatory practices.

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Executive Order No. 14229: Honoring Jocelyn Nungaray

Executive Order 14229, issued by the President on March 4, 2025, directs the renaming of the Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge in Texas to the "Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge." This change honors Jocelyn Nungaray, a 12-year-old girl tragically murdered in Houston, Texas, allegedly by gang members who entered the U.S. illegally. The order attributes her death to previous immigration policies and emphasizes the impact on innocent citizens. The Secretary of the Interior is tasked with updating procedures and ensuring all federal references reflect the new name. The order clarifies that it does not alter existing authorities or law, and it does not create any enforceable rights.

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Executive Order No. 14228: Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

Executive Order 14228, issued by the President on March 3, 2025, amends Executive Order 14195 to address the ongoing synthetic opioid supply chain issue involving the People's Republic of China (PRC). It declares that PRC's inadequate response to the influx of synthetic opioids, including fentanyl, into the United States continues to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to U.S. national security, foreign policy, and economy. To address this issue, the order increases the previously imposed tariffs on Chinese products from 10% to 20%. This amendment, according to the order, follows an assessment that the PRC has not taken sufficient steps in collaboration on enforcement actions to mitigate the opioid crisis. The order includes provisions stating that it does not alter any legal authority of executive departments or agencies, nor does it create legal rights enforceable by any party against the United States. Importantly, the implementation of this order is subject to existing laws and the availability of appropriations.

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Executive Order No. 14227: Amendment to Duties To Address the Situation at Our Southern Border

Executive Order 14227, signed on March 2, 2025, amends previous orders addressing the situation at the U.S. Southern border. It modifies section 2(g) of Executive Order 14194 (February 1, 2025) and its subsequent amendment (Executive Order 14198), to stipulate that duty-free treatment for certain articles under 19 U.S.C. 1321 will end when the Secretary of Commerce notifies the President that systems are in place to efficiently process tariff revenue for these articles. The order states it should not affect existing legal authority, budgetary functions, or create enforceable rights against the U.S. government. It will be implemented according to applicable laws and available appropriations.

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Executive Order No. 14226: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border

Executive Order 14226, issued on March 2, 2025, amends previous orders to address the flow of illicit drugs across the Northern U.S. border. The order modifies duty-free de minimis treatment for certain goods under U.S. code 19 U.S.C. 1321. Duty-free status will be revoked once the Secretary of Commerce reports that systems are in place to efficiently collect relevant tariffs. The order clarifies it does not affect existing legal authorities, budgetary, administrative, or legislative functions, and should be implemented according to law and available funds. It does not create enforceable legal rights for individuals or entities.

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Executive Order No. 14225: Immediate Expansion of American Timber Production

Executive Order 14225, issued on March 1, 2025, aims to boost American timber production. The order outlines the need for increased timber production for national well-being and economic security, citing reliance on foreign timber due to restrictive federal policies. The President directs the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture to update guidance for enhancing timber production and reducing delivery delays. They are also tasked with preparing legislative proposals to expand production capabilities. Additionally, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce must devise a strategy to expedite forestry project approvals under the Endangered Species Act. Lastly, a joint plan setting annual timber sale targets for federal lands must be submitted within 90 days.

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Executive Order No. 14224: Designating English as the Official Language of the United States

Executive Order 14224, issued by the President on March 1, 2025, designates English as the official language of the United States. The order emphasizes the historical significance of English as integral to the nation's identity, citing that foundational documents like the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were written in English. It argues that a single national language promotes unity, facilitates communication, and aids societal cohesion. The order acknowledges the role of English in helping new Americans integrate and achieve success. The order revokes Executive Order 13166, which aimed to improve access to services for individuals with limited English proficiency, but it does not mandate changes in multilingual services currently offered by agencies. Agency heads retain the discretion to operate as needed to fulfill their missions and provide services. Additionally, the Attorney General is directed to update relevant policy guidance in line with the new designation. Implementation of this order must align with applicable laws and is dependent on funding availability. It does not alter the authority or responsibilities granted to federal agencies or executives and respects budgetary and administrative functions.

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Executive Order No. 14223: Addressing the Threat to National Security From Imports of Timber, Lumber, and Their Derivative Products

Executive Order 14223, issued on March 1, 2025, addresses concerns over the national security threat posed by imports of timber, lumber, and related products. The order underscores the critical role of the wood products industry, vital for both civilian construction and military operations, and highlights the vulnerability created by reliance on imported materials. Despite adequate domestic resources and production capacity to supply most needs, the U.S. has been a net importer of lumber since 2016, with foreign subsidies contributing to market imbalances. The order mandates an investigation by the Secretary of Commerce under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act. The investigation aims to evaluate how imports affect national security, considering domestic production capabilities, foreign competition, and the impact of foreign government subsidies. It will also examine current trade policies and the necessity of measures like tariffs or quotas to protect the domestic lumber industry and ensure a resilient supply chain. This involves assessing the potential for increased domestic production to meet U.S. demand.

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Executive Order No. 14222: Implementing the President's "Department of Government Efficiency" Cost Efficiency Initiative

Executive Order 14222, issued by the President on February 26, 2025, aims to enhance transparency and accountability in federal spending on contracts, grants, and loans. The order establishes guidelines for the "Department of Government Efficiency" (DOGE) initiative. Key Points: 1. **Purpose**: The initiative seeks to make federal spending more transparent and ensure government employees are accountable to the public. 2. **Definitions**: - "Administrator" refers to the head of the U.S. DOGE Service. - "Agency" is defined per the U.S. Code, excluding the Executive Office of the President. - "Agency Head" is the highest-ranking official in an agency, who may designate responsibilities to others. - "Covered contracts and grants" include discretionary federal spending, excluding direct assistance or critical spending areas like immigration and defense. - "DOGE Team Lead" is the agency's leader responsible for implementing DOGE initiatives. 3. **Cutting Costs**: - Each agency must develop a system to document payments under contracts and grants, including justifications for each payment. - Agency Heads will guide employees to provide justifications before approving payments. - Agencies will review existing contracts and grants to reduce spending or reallocate resources to improve efficiency. The order mandates immediate action to ensure governmental fiscal efficiency and alignment with administrative policies.

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Executive Order No. 14221: Making America Healthy Again by Empowering Patients With Clear, Accurate, and Actionable Healthcare Pricing Information

Executive Order 14221, issued on February 25, 2025, aims to enhance healthcare transparency by empowering patients with clear, accurate, and actionable pricing information. It follows previous regulations from Executive Order 13877, which required hospitals to provide user-friendly displays of prices for services and offer machine-readable files of all service rates. Health plans were also mandated to disclose negotiated rates with providers, out-of-network payments, and actual prescription drug prices. The order cites economic analyses indicating potential healthcare savings of up to $80 billion by 2025 due to increased price transparency. Notably, healthcare service prices in the highest cost bracket have already declined by 6.3% annually since the initial implementation of these transparency measures. Despite these gains, the document criticizes the stalled progress in enforcing these transparency regulations since the prior administration, particularly regarding prescription drug pricing. The order re-emphasizes the policy of prioritizing patients by ensuring they have the necessary information to make informed healthcare decisions. It pledges that the Federal Government will continue to promote access to healthcare prices and improve transparency efforts to foster a competitive, affordable, and high-quality healthcare system.

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Executive Order No. 14220: Addressing the Threat to National Security From Imports of Copper

Executive Order 14220, issued on February 25, 2025, addresses national security concerns regarding the United States' reliance on imported copper. The order highlights copper's critical role in defense, infrastructure, and emerging technologies. Despite having substantial copper reserves, the U.S. lacks sufficient smelting and refining capabilities, leading to dependence on foreign sources, particularly dominated by a single foreign producer. This reliance poses threats to national security and economic stability. The order mandates the Secretary of Commerce to conduct an investigation under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. The investigation will assess the impact of copper imports on national security, considering factors such as demand from defense and energy sectors, domestic production capacity, foreign supply chain roles, and risks from concentrated import sources. It will also examine the effects of foreign subsidies, trade practices, and potential export restrictions on the U.S. copper industry. The goal is to evaluate the feasibility of enhancing domestic capabilities to reduce foreign dependence on copper.

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Executive Order No. 14219: Ensuring Lawful Governance and Implementing the President's "Department of Government Efficiency" Deregulatory Initiative

Executive Order 14219, dated February 19, 2025, outlines a deregulatory initiative focused on ensuring lawful governance and reducing federal administrative overreach. The key aspects of the order include: 1. **Purpose**: The administration aims to concentrate its resources on regulations that are clearly authorized by constitutional federal statutes and to dismantle the burdensome administrative state to restore constitutional separation of powers. 2. **Rescinding Unlawful Regulations**: - Agency heads, with their Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) team leads and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) coordination, must review all regulations within 60 days for consistency with constitutional law and administration policies. - Regulations identified for review include those that are unconstitutional, based on unlawful legislative power, lack clear statutory authority, impose significant costs without proportional benefits, hinder national interests, and burden small businesses. - Priority should be given to regulations regarded as "significant regulatory actions" as per Executive Order 12866. - A list of such regulations should be submitted to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), which will help develop a Unified Regulatory Agenda to rescind or modify the identified regulations. 3. **Enforcement Discretion**: - Agencies are directed to de-prioritize enforcement actions for regulations that exceed statutory authority or constitutional powers, unless critical to public safety or the national interest. - Agency heads are tasked with evaluating ongoing enforcement of questionable regulations. Overall, the executive order mandates a comprehensive review to curtail regulations perceived as overreaching or economically burdensome and emphasizes refocusing on legal governance.

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Executive Order No. 14218: Ending Taxpayer Subsidization of Open Borders

Executive Order 14218, issued by the President on February 19, 2025, aims to prevent taxpayer-funded benefits from being improperly allocated to individuals who are not legally qualified, specifically targeting illegal immigrants. The order emphasizes upholding the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, which restricts illegal aliens from benefiting from most taxpayer-funded programs. The order mandates executive departments and agencies to: 1. Identify and adjust federal programs that allow illegal aliens to obtain benefits, ensuring compliance with federal law including PRWORA. 2. Prevent federal funds from supporting illegal immigration or sanctuary policies. 3. Enhance eligibility verification systems to exclude ineligible individuals. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, along with the Administrator of the United States DOGE Service, must examine other federal funding sources allocated to illegal aliens and suggest further actions within 30 days to align with the directive's purposes. Improper use of federal benefits must be reported to relevant authorities for action. The order is to be implemented within the constraints of existing laws and available resources.

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Executive Order No. 14217: Commencing the Reduction of the Federal Bureaucracy

Executive Order 14217, issued on February 19, 2025, aims to reduce the federal bureaucracy by diminishing or eliminating certain non-statutory functions and organizations within the government. The order mandates a reduction in the functions and staffing of several entities, namely the Presidio Trust, the Inter-American Foundation, the United States African Development Foundation, and the United States Institute of Peace, to legally required minimum levels. Heads of these entities must report compliance and statutory necessities to the Office of Management and Budget within 14 days. The order also calls for budget requests from these entities to be scrutinized and potentially rejected if they do not align with the reduction goals. Furthermore, the presidential memorandum from 1961 related to government coordination in the field is revoked, and actions are initiated to eliminate Federal Executive Boards and terminate the Presidential Management Fellows Program. This includes amending previous executive orders to reflect these changes and streamline affected programs.

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Executive Order No. 14216: Expanding Access to In Vitro Fertilization

Executive Order 14216, issued on February 18, 2025, aims to increase access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) for Americans experiencing fertility challenges. Recognizing that infertility affects about one in seven couples and that IVF costs can range from $12,000 to $25,000 per cycle, the order seeks to reduce financial and regulatory barriers to IVF treatment. The President directed the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy to provide policy recommendations within 90 days to lower IVF costs and improve access. The order is to be implemented in accordance with existing laws and available funding, and it does not establish new legal rights or benefits enforceable in court.

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Executive Order No. 14215: Ensuring Accountability for All Agencies

Executive Order 14215, issued on February 18, 2025, aims to enhance accountability within federal agencies by ensuring they are subject to Presidential supervision. It insists on the President's responsibility to oversee all executive functions, including those carried out by subordinate officers in independent regulatory agencies. These agencies have historically operated with minimal oversight from the President, allowing them to implement significant regulations without sufficient accountability. To address this, the order mandates that all executive departments and independent agencies submit proposed and final significant regulatory actions for review to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) before they are published in the Federal Register. The order intends to centralize the execution of federal laws and enhance the accountability of regulatory officials to the American people through elected Presidential oversight. The order specifies key definitions, particularly concerning independent regulatory agencies and their leadership, but exempts the Federal Reserve's monetary policy functions from its provisions.

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Executive Order No. 14214: Keeping Education Accessible and Ending COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates in Schools

Executive Order 14214, issued on February 14, 2025, focuses on maintaining accessibility to education and eliminating COVID-19 vaccine mandates in schools. The President stipulates that federal funds should not support any educational entities that mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for in-person attendance, as these mandates infringe on personal freedom and parental authority, especially considering the low risk of severe COVID-19 illness among children and young adults. The Secretary of Education, in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, is directed to issue guidelines to educational institutions on legal matters related to parental rights, religious freedom, and disability accommodations concerning vaccine mandates. Additionally, a plan to end such mandates will be developed within 90 days. This plan includes identifying non-compliant educational entities and establishing processes to withhold or rescind federal funding from them. Key terms like "educational service agency," "elementary school," and others referenced in the order are defined using existing statutory definitions. The order does not intend to override existing laws or established rights.

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Executive Order No. 14213: Establishing the National Energy Dominance Council

The Executive Order 14213, issued on February 14, 2025, establishes the National Energy Dominance Council within the Executive Office of the President. The Council's purpose is to promote America's energy dominance through increased production of various energy resources and technology innovations. This policy aims to enhance economic growth, job creation, and national security while reducing dependency on foreign imports. The Council is chaired by the Secretary of the Interior and vice-chaired by the Secretary of Energy, and includes a broad array of high-level officials from different sectors such as State, Treasury, Defense, Agriculture, Commerce, Transportation, and more. The Council is tasked with advising the President on energy-related policies, improving permitting and regulatory processes, and crafting a National Energy Dominance Strategy focusing on innovation and reducing unnecessary regulation.

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Executive Order No. 14212: Establishing the President's Make America Healthy Again Commission

Executive Order 14212, issued on February 13, 2025, establishes the President’s Make America Healthy Again Commission, aiming to improve the health of Americans. The order highlights concerns about the nation's life expectancy, chronic diseases, mental health issues, and the prevalence of conditions such as cancer, asthma, and autism in the United States compared to other countries. It emphasizes the need for urgent action to address these health challenges, especially among children. The Commission is tasked with steering a national focus towards reducing chronic disease rates and eradicating childhood chronic diseases. This includes a strategic review and innovation in areas like nutrition, physical activity, healthy lifestyles, medication dependence, technological habits, environmental impacts, and the quality and safety of food and drugs. The order recognizes the growing health crisis as a threat to the nation’s economy and security, and stresses re-adjusting both public and private sector efforts to tackle these issues effectively.

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Executive Order No. 14211: One Voice for America's Foreign Relations

The Executive Order 14211, issued by the President on February 12, 2025, establishes guidelines to streamline and enforce the execution of the United States' foreign policy. The order emphasizes the President's constitutional authority over foreign policy, delegating its implementation to the Secretary of State and relevant personnel. Key elements include: 1. **Adherence to Presidential Authority**: All employees involved in foreign policy must act under the President's direction. Non-compliance may lead to disciplinary actions, including dismissal. 2. **Definitions Clarified**: The order defines terms like "Department," "Foreign Service," "Civil Service employee," and "other staff" according to the related sections of the United States Code. 3. **Procedural Election**: The Secretary of State has the authority to decide on appropriate actions for any Foreign Service, Civil Service, or other staff failing to meet performance standards. In cases involving presidential appointees, the Secretary can recommend further actions to the President. 4. **Foreign Service Reform**: The Secretary of State is instructed to reform the Foreign Service to align with the President's foreign policy goals. This includes updating recruitment, evaluation, retention, and training practices at the Foreign Service Institute. 5. **Manual Revisions**: Reforms involve revising or updating the Foreign Affairs Manual and other procedural guidelines to ensure consistent policy implementation. The order seeks to ensure a unified and efficient approach to the United States' foreign relations, reinforcing the President's policy priorities through organizational and operational changes.

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Executive Order No. 14210: Implementing the President's "Department of Government Efficiency" Workforce Optimization Initiative

Executive Order 14210, issued on February 11, 2025, aims to transform the Federal bureaucracy by implementing the "Department of Government Efficiency" Workforce Optimization Initiative. The order seeks to enhance accountability, reduce waste, and boost efficiency within government agencies. Key elements include: 1. **Definitions**: Clarifies terms such as "Agency", "Agency Head", and others related to federal employment and law enforcement. 2. **Workforce Reform**: Introduces a hiring ratio where agencies can hire one new employee for every four that leave, to reduce workforce size through attrition and efficiency. However, this does not apply to roles in public safety, immigration enforcement, or law enforcement. 3. **Hiring Approvals**: Agency Heads must develop a data-driven hiring plan in collaboration with their DOGE Team Leads, targeting areas of highest need. These measures align with efforts to optimize the federal workforce and improve government service delivery.

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Executive Order No. 14209: Pausing Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement To Further American Economic and National Security

The Executive Order 14209, dated February 10, 2025, temporarily pauses the enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) to review its impact on U.S. economic and national security interests. The President argues that current enforcement practices exceed appropriate boundaries, hindering U.S. foreign policy and economic competitiveness. The order mandates that the Attorney General, for 180 days, halts new FCPA investigations, reviews existing ones for appropriateness, and updates enforcement guidelines. These actions aim to better align FCPA enforcement with U.S. economic and national security priorities. The Attorney General may extend the review period by another 180 days if necessary, and any subsequent actions must adhere to the new guidelines and require specific approval. Finally, the order addresses potential remedial measures for past enforcement actions.

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Executive Order No. 14208: Ending Procurement and Forced Use of Paper Straws

Executive Order 14208, issued on February 10, 2025, aims to end the procurement and use of paper straws by the federal government. This order is based on claims that paper straws are ineffective, potentially harmful, more costly, and sometimes counterproductive from an environmental perspective, as they may be individually wrapped in plastic. Key actions include: - Federal agencies are directed to stop purchasing paper straws and to ensure they are not used in federal buildings. - Existing policies discouraging plastic straw use, linked to a previous executive order now revoked, are to be eliminated. - The Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy must create a strategy to end paper straw usage nationwide within 45 days, addressing policies against plastic straws and state contracts regarding straw use. The order clarifies that it does not affect legal authority, budget proposals, or create enforceable rights.

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Executive Order No. 14207: Eliminating the Federal Executive Institute

Executive Order 14207, issued on February 10, 2025, mandates the elimination of the Federal Executive Institute. The order, issued by the President, aims to ensure taxpayer funds are used responsibly by eliminating government programs not directly benefiting the American people. The Federal Executive Institute, established over 50 years ago to provide leadership training to government officials, is viewed as contributing to expanding the Washington, D.C. bureaucratic class. The order directs the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to take necessary steps to dismantle the institute, revoking previous directives that established or required its existence. The order is to be executed under existing law and does not create any legally enforceable rights.

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Executive Order No. 14206: Protecting Second Amendment Rights

Executive Order 14206, issued on February 7, 2025, aims to protect Second Amendment rights, which are seen as essential for security and liberty. The order instructs the Attorney General to review and assess all relevant executive and agency actions that may infringe on these rights. This includes actions taken between January 2021 and January 2025, rules from the Department of Justice and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, regulatory enforcement policies, any related litigation positions, and firearm classifications and applications. The Attorney General is to propose a plan for protecting Second Amendment rights and collaborate with the Domestic Policy Advisor to finalize and implement this plan. The order is subject to existing laws and budget constraints and does not establish any new enforceable rights.

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Executive Order No. 14205: Establishment of the White House Faith Office

The Executive Order 14205, signed on February 7, 2025, establishes the White House Faith Office within the Executive Office of the President. This office aims to assist faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship in strengthening American families, promoting work and self-sufficiency, and protecting religious liberty. It emphasizes that these entities, with their unique capacities, can effectively solve local issues and should be allowed to compete equitably for federal grants and funding opportunities. The order underscores the commitment of the executive branch to uphold religious liberty and end any federal religious discrimination. Furthermore, it amends previous relevant executive orders by renaming entities to reflect the new White House Faith Office and modifying section designations. The White House Faith Office will lead these efforts within the executive branch, focusing on partnerships that are innovative, measurable, and outcome-driven.

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Executive Order No. 14204: Addressing Egregious Actions of the Republic of South Africa

Executive Order 14204, issued on February 7, 2025, addresses actions by the Republic of South Africa, particularly the implementation of the Expropriation Act 13 of 2024. This Act permits the South African government to seize agricultural properties owned by ethnic minority Afrikaners without compensation, amid policies that allegedly dismantle equal opportunities and incite violence against racially disfavored landowners. Additionally, South Africa's stance against the United States and its allies, highlighted by its accusations against Israel and strengthened relations with Iran, presents national security concerns. Key directives include: 1. **Policy Implementation**: The United States will cease aid and promote the resettlement of Afrikaners fleeing discrimination in South Africa. 2. **Aid Suspension**: All U.S. agencies must halt foreign aid to South Africa, with exceptions only if deemed necessary by agency leaders. 3. **Refugee Resettlement**: The Secretaries of State and Homeland Security are to prioritize humanitarian relief and resettlement efforts for Afrikaners under the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program. 4. **General Provisions**: The order respects existing legal authorities and does not create enforceable rights against the United States or its entities. The order is to be implemented according to applicable laws and funding availability.

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Executive Order No. 14203: Imposing Sanctions on the International Criminal Court

Executive Order 14203, issued on February 6, 2025, by President Donald J. Trump, imposes sanctions on the International Criminal Court (ICC). The order cites various legal authorities, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act. It responds to the ICC’s actions, which the President describes as illegitimate, against the United States and Israel, both non-members of the ICC. These actions include investigations of U.S. and Israeli personnel and issuing arrest warrants against Israeli officials. The order claims the ICC’s jurisdictional assertions threaten U.S. sovereignty, national security, and military personnel. In retaliation, the U.S. plans to enforce consequences such as blocking property and assets of ICC officials and banning their entry into the United States, asserting these measures are necessary to uphold U.S. interests and protect its allies.

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Executive Order No. 14202: Eradicating Anti-Christian Bias

The Executive Order 14202, issued on February 6, 2025, aims to protect religious freedoms in the United States by addressing and eradicating perceived anti-Christian bias. The order asserts that previous government actions, particularly under the Biden administration, unfairly targeted Christians and failed to adequately protect them from violence and discrimination. It highlights specific cases where Christians, including clergy and elderly individuals, were allegedly prosecuted for their beliefs, leading to pardons issued by the current administration. Additionally, the order criticizes the FBI, Department of Education, and other federal departments for policies that purportedly marginalized Christians. It concludes by committing the administration to prevent government actions that could further contribute to anti-Christian sentiments or actions.

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Executive Order No. 14201: Keeping Men Out of Women's Sports

Executive Order 14201, issued on February 5, 2025, by the President of the United States, focuses on maintaining fairness in women's sports by restricting male participation in female athletic categories. The order underscores the importance of Title IX, which mandates equal sports opportunities for women in educational programs receiving federal funding. This order seeks to uphold women's rights to safe competition and privacy. Key points of the order include: 1. **Policy and Purpose**: The order responds to concerns about fairness and safety in women's sports, where male participation is seen as undermining these principles. 2. **Title IX Enforcement**: The Secretary of Education, in coordination with the Attorney General, is tasked with ensuring compliance with Title IX, specifically protecting all-female athletic opportunities and facilities. 3. **Regulation Compliance**: The order requires the rescinding of federal funds from educational programs that allow males in women's sports, aligning with federal court decisions supporting biological sex recognition. 4. **Agency Actions**: All federal agencies must review and potentially withdraw funding from non-compliant educational programs. The Department of Justice is to provide resources to facilitate these efforts. Through this order, the administration intends to affirm athletic opportunities and privacy for female athletes by clarifying and enforcing gender-based sports participation policies.

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Executive Order No. 14200: Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

Executive Order 14200, issued by the President on February 5, 2025, amends an earlier order from February 1, 2025, concerning efforts to address the synthetic opioid supply chain linked to the People's Republic of China. The amendment modifies subsection (g) of Section 2 to stipulate that duty-free de minimis treatment under 19 U.S.C. 1321 remains available for eligible articles unless the Secretary of Commerce notifies the President that systems are adequate to efficiently handle and collect applicable tariffs. The order specifies that it should not interfere with existing legal authority or management functions and must be executed within the bounds of applicable law and budget availability. It does not create legally enforceable rights or benefits for any party.

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Executive Order No. 14199: Withdrawing the United States From and Ending Funding to Certain United Nations Organizations and Reviewing United States Support to All International Organizations

Executive Order 14199, issued on February 4, 2025, directs significant changes regarding the United States’ relationship with certain United Nations organizations. The order highlights dissatisfaction with the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC), the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), citing reasons such as actions contrary to U.S. interests, protection of human rights abusers, anti-Semitic sentiments, and connections with designated terrorist groups. Key points include: 1. **UNHRC and UNESCO Participation:** - The U.S. will not participate in the UNHRC or seek election to it. The role of the U.S. Representative to the UNHRC will be terminated. - A review of U.S. membership in UNESCO will be conducted, focusing on the organization’s support of U.S. interests and potential anti-Semitism or anti-Israel bias. 2. **Funding:** - No funds will be allocated to UNRWA, aligning with previous legislative provisions. - The U.S. will withhold its share of UNHRC's funding from the UN Regular Budget. - A broader review of all international organizations supported by U.S. funding will be completed within 180 days to assess the appropriateness of continued support. The order seeks to reassess and potentially realign U.S. engagement with international organizations in response to specific criticisms of these entities.

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Executive Order No. 14198: Progress on the Situation at Our Southern Border

Executive Order 14198, issued on February 3, 2025, addresses the situation at the U.S. southern border. The President identified a significant threat to U.S. national security, foreign policy, and economy due to the failure of Mexico to adequately handle drug trafficking and related criminal activities. In response, the President authorized tariffs on Mexican goods under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). The order highlights recent steps taken by the Mexican government to address illegal migration and drug trafficking. To evaluate these efforts, an intended 25% tariff, set to begin on February 4, 2025, will be paused until March 4, 2025. This pause allows assessment of whether Mexico is effectively mitigating the risks. During the pause, multiple U.S. authorities, including the Secretary of Homeland Security and others, will continue monitoring the situation. If conditions worsen or efforts prove insufficient, the President may enforce the tariffs as initially planned. The order includes a severability clause ensuring that if any part of it is invalidated, the remaining provisions remain effective. Additionally, it clarifies that the order does not alter any legal authority of existing governmental bodies.

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Executive Order No. 14197: Progress on the Situation at Our Northern Border

The Executive Order 14197, issued on February 3, 2025, addresses security concerns at the U.S.-Canada border. The U.S. President cited Canadian inaction against drug trafficking and related criminal activities as a national security threat, initially leading to the imposition of tariffs on Canadian goods. However, Canada has since initiated steps to mitigate these issues. Consequently, the implementation of tariffs, set for February 4, 2025, was paused until March 4, 2025, to allow further assessment of Canada’s actions. During this period, relevant U.S. authorities will evaluate the border situation. Should the situation worsen or Canada’s efforts prove insufficient, the President retains the authority to enforce the tariffs. The order includes a severability clause ensuring that invalidation of any part does not affect the remainder.

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Executive Order No. 14196: A Plan for Establishing a United States Sovereign Wealth Fund

Executive Order 14196, issued on February 3, 2025, establishes the policy to create a United States Sovereign Wealth Fund. The fund aims to enhance the country's long-term financial health, economic security, and international leadership. The Secretaries of the Treasury and Commerce are tasked with devising a plan within 90 days to create the fund, including recommendations on funding, investments, structure, governance, and legal requirements. The order does not affect the legal authority of executive departments or agencies and must be carried out according to existing laws and funding. It does not create enforceable rights against the U.S. government.

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Executive Order No. 14195: Imposing Duties To Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

Executive Order 14195, issued by President Donald J. Trump on February 1, 2025, addresses the synthetic opioid supply chain originating from the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The order highlights the significant impact of synthetic opioids, noting that they result in approximately 200 American deaths per day and have become the leading cause of death for individuals aged 18 to 45 in the U.S. Since President Trump's first term, efforts were made to impede the flow of fentanyl from the PRC, where the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is accused of subsidizing chemical companies that supply these drugs to the U.S. The Executive Order outlines several methods used by PRC-based organizations to evade U.S. law enforcement, such as using re-shippers and employing deceptive shipping practices. It emphasizes the enormous quantities of drugs seized at U.S. borders and the critical role played by PRC-origin transnational criminal organizations in drug trafficking. Ultimately, the flow of illicit drugs from China is described as a national emergency and public health crisis that calls for action beyond unsuccessful bilateral dialogues.

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Executive Order No. 14194: Imposing Duties To Address the Situation at Our Southern Border

Executive Order 14194, issued by President Donald J. Trump on February 1, 2025, addresses the situation at the U.S. southern border. The order stems from the President's declaration of a national emergency due to a significant influx of illegal immigration and drugs, particularly opioids, which have stressed public services and endangered public safety. The order identifies Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) as major sources of illicit drugs, including fentanyl and methamphetamine, entering the U.S. These DTOs are reported to have alliances with the Mexican government that pose a threat to U.S. national security. The order outlines how these organizations facilitate drug and human trafficking through various clandestine methods, contributing to crime and violence in American communities. The executive order asserts that immediate action is needed to end this crisis, necessitating compliance and cooperation from the Mexican government. Key measures include reinforcing border security to protect U.S. sovereignty, emphasizing that a nation without secure borders is not truly a nation.

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Executive Order No. 14193: Imposing Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border

Executive Order 14193, issued by President Donald J. Trump on February 1, 2025, addresses the challenges posed by the influx of illicit drugs across the U.S. northern border with Canada. The order outlines concerns about the profound impact of illicit opioids, fentanyl, and other drugs on U.S. communities, healthcare, and public safety. It emphasizes Canada's inadequate response to stopping drug flows and highlights the involvement of drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) with transnational cartels in smuggling operations. The order mentions the role of Mexican cartels operating in Canada and the significant threat of synthetic opioids like fentanyl, which, despite lower volumes seized at the northern border compared to the southern border, pose a severe risk due to their potency. The executive order situates these issues within broader U.S. national security and public health contexts and builds on previous policies designating cartels as threats.

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Executive Order No. 14192: Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation

Executive Order 14192, issued by the President on January 31, 2025, aims to promote economic prosperity by reducing regulatory burdens. The order outlines a policy to cut private compliance costs linked to federal regulations, thereby improving the U.S. economy, national security, and citizens' quality of life. For each new regulation introduced, at least 10 existing ones must be eliminated to ensure more efficient regulatory budgeting. In fiscal year 2025, the directive mandates that the total incremental cost of new regulations, balanced against repealed ones, should be substantially negative. Agencies must receive guidance from the Director of the Office of Management and Budget on how to measure and estimate regulatory costs and manage cost-saving offsets. This could include allowances for emergencies or situations that might necessitate exceptions to the rule.

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Executive Order No. 14191: Expanding Educational Freedom and Opportunity for Families

The Executive Order 14191, issued on January 29, 2025, aims to expand educational freedom and opportunities for families by allowing them greater choice in their children's education. The Order addresses concerns over the current public education system, which shows subpar performance in national assessments, and emphasizes that geographical school assignments can pose financial hardships on families. The Order encourages educational choice and competition, which have shown to enhance educational outcomes and public school performance. Key provisions include: - **Policy Support:** The Administration supports parental choice in education. - **State-Based Educational Choice:** The Secretary of Education, within 60 days, will guide how States can utilize Federal funds for educational choice initiatives. - **Discretionary Grant Programs:** The Secretary of Education will prioritize education freedom in grant programs. Further, within 90 days, the Secretaries of Education and Labor will evaluate and recommend grant program improvements to enhance educational choice. - **Low-Income and Working Families:** Within 90 days, the Secretary of Health and Human Services will issue guidance on using block grants to broaden educational options for families, including private and faith-based schooling. - **Military Families:** The Secretary of Defense, within 90 days, will examine mechanisms allowing military families to use Department of Defense funds for various schooling options and report plans to the President. This Executive Order supports broadening educational choices to improve outcomes and support families across economic and social spectra.

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Executive Order No. 14190: Ending Radical Indoctrination in K-12 Schooling

The Executive Order 14190, issued on January 29, 2025, aims to prevent what the administration terms "radical indoctrination" in K-12 schools across the United States. It highlights concerns from parents about schools promoting ideologies perceived as anti-American, which may involve treating some students as victims or oppressors based on inherent characteristics like race or gender. The order suggests that such practices undermine critical thinking, family unity, and personal identity, while potentially violating civil rights and parental rights protections under federal laws such as Title IX, FERPA, and PPRA. The order asserts the administration's commitment to enforce laws prohibiting discrimination and protecting parental rights in educational settings. It defines "discriminatory equity ideology" as a belief system that categorizes individuals based on group identity rather than personal merit, suggesting inherent superiority or inferiority linked to race, color, sex, or national origin. This ideology is seen as conflicting with principles of individual agency and equality under the law.

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Executive Order No. 14189: Celebrating America's 250th Birthday

Executive Order 14189, issued on January 29, 2025, establishes the White House Task Force on Celebrating America’s 250th Birthday (Task Force 250) in preparation for the 250th anniversary of American Independence on July 4, 2026. The President will lead the Task Force as Chair, with the Vice President serving as Vice Chair. The Task Force aims to organize a grand celebration and honor the nation's history. The Task Force includes members such as the Secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, Interior, Agriculture, Housing and Urban Development, Education, along with other key officials and chairs of cultural agencies. The Executive Director of the United States Semiquincentennial Commission will provide recommendations. Task Force 250 will coordinate with various federal departments and agencies to plan and execute the celebration, with administrative support from the Department of Defense. Agencies are required to provide progress reports on their preparations for the event, with a deadline set for March 1, 2025.

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Executive Order No. 14188: Additional Measures To Combat Anti-Semitism

Executive Order 14188, issued on January 29, 2025, by the President, aims to combat anti-Semitism in the United States, particularly in educational settings. It reaffirms Executive Order 13899 from 2019, which was initially designed to protect Jewish students from discrimination and harassment in schools and on campuses. Following the Hamas attacks on October 7, 2023, there has been a noted increase in anti-Semitic incidents, prompting this new order. Key directives include: 1. **Policy Enforcement:** The United States government will use all legal means to address anti-Semitic harassment and violence, ensuring accountability for perpetrators. 2. **Departmental Reports:** Within 60 days, each executive department or agency is required to report any legal authorities or actions that could be used to combat anti-Semitism beyond those already in place. This includes examining pending complaints and court cases related to post-October 7, 2023, anti-Semitism on campuses. 3. **Attorney General's Role:** The Attorney General will assess legal cases involving alleged civil rights violations in educational institutions arising from anti-Semitism and consider taking action. 4. **Civil Rights Enforcement:** Encouragement for the use of civil-rights statutes, such as 18 U.S.C. 241, to address anti-Semitism. Overall, the order seeks to enhance measures to protect Jewish students and hold offenders accountable for anti-Semitic actions.

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Executive Order No. 14187: Protecting Children From Chemical and Surgical Mutilation

Executive Order 14187, issued on January 28, 2025, aims to end medical practices that it refers to as "chemical and surgical mutilation" of children, asserting these practices are harmful and lack scientific integrity. The order specifically prohibits any federal funding or support for procedures that transition a child from one sex to another, which include the use of puberty blockers, sex hormones, and surgical interventions described as efforts to align an individual's physical appearance with a gender identity different from their biological sex. The order defines a "child" as anyone under 19 years of age and describes gender-affirming care under the term "chemical and surgical mutilation." The order mandates agencies to stop relying on guidance from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), criticizing it for lacking scientific integrity, and directs a review of existing literature on best practices for children's health who assert forms of gender dysphoria or related identity issues. Furthermore, the Secretary of Health and Human Services is tasked with improving the quality of data concerning health practices for minors with gender dysphoria. Lastly, the order requires heads of executive departments and agencies that provide research or education grants to medical institutions to cease funding practices associated with the transition of minors.

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Executive Order No. 14186: The Iron Dome for America

The Executive Order 14186, titled "The Iron Dome for America," issued on January 27, 2025, by the President, outlines the United States' strategic shift towards developing an advanced missile defense system. It identifies the continued and intensified threat from ballistic, hypersonic, and cruise missiles as a significant danger to national security. Historically, despite technological advancements in missile defense efforts initiated by past administrations, comprehensive systems were not fully realized. The policy mandates deploying and maintaining a next-generation missile defense shield to ensure national security and deter threats. Specific goals include protecting citizens and critical infrastructure, securing second-strike capabilities, and countering various forms of aerial attacks from adversaries. Implementation requires the Secretary of Defense to present a comprehensive plan within 60 days, focusing on defending against complex threats, enhancing space-based sensors and interceptors, and establishing secure supply chains. It also involves collaboration for funding plans as part of the fiscal year 2026 budget.

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Executive Order No. 14185: Restoring America's Fighting Force

Executive Order 14185, issued on January 27, 2025, aims to restore meritocracy and eliminate race- and sex-based discrimination within the U.S. Armed Forces. The order directs the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security (regarding the U.S. Coast Guard) to operate without preferences based on race or sex, critiquing the recent implementation of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs for undermining force readiness and cohesion. It defines DEI offices as those influencing employment practices with racial or gender preferences and mandates the abolition of such offices within the military. The Secretary of Defense is required to conduct an internal review documenting actions taken under DEI initiatives and instances of discrimination, with a report due within 90 days. Additionally, the order prohibits the promotion of divisive concepts, theories branding America's founding documents as racist or sexist, and gender ideology within the military.

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Executive Order No. 14184: Reinstating Service Members Discharged Under the Military's COVID-19 Vaccination Mandate

Executive Order 14184, issued on January 27, 2025, addresses the reinstatement of service members discharged due to refusal to comply with the military's COVID-19 vaccination mandate, which was initially implemented on August 24, 2021, and later rescinded on January 10, 2023. The order asserts that the mandate was an unnecessary burden and led to unjust discharges. It directs the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security to allow reinstatement for service members discharged solely for refusing the vaccine, enabling them to return to their former rank with full back pay and benefits. Members who voluntarily left or let their service lapse rather than comply also have the opportunity to return without affecting their status, rank, or pay. The order clarifies that it does not prevent disciplinary actions for other offenses, and requires a report on the implementation progress within 60 days. The order is to be executed within legal and budgetary limits and does not create enforceable legal rights.

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Executive Order No. 14183: Prioritizing Military Excellence and Readiness

The Executive Order 14183, issued on January 27, 2025, focuses on ensuring military excellence and readiness by emphasizing the need for high standards in troop readiness, cohesion, and integrity. The order asserts that the U.S. military's mission is to protect the nation with a focus on developing a warrior ethos. It highlights concerns about the impact of radical gender ideologies on military effectiveness and unit cohesion. The order maintains that military service should be reserved for individuals who meet rigorous mental and physical health standards, thus disfavoring the inclusion of individuals with gender dysphoria due to associated medical, mental health, and surgical needs. It specifies that expressing a gender identity inconsistent with one's biological sex conflicts with the values necessary for service members. The order directs the Secretary of Defense to update relevant Department of Defense Instructions to reflect these policies within 60 days. Additionally, the definitions from a prior executive order on gender ideology are to be applied to this order.

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Executive Order No. 14182: Enforcing the Hyde Amendment

Executive Order 14182, issued on January 24, 2025, reinstates enforcement of the Hyde Amendment, which prohibits the use of federal funds for elective abortions. The order revokes two previous executive orders, 14076 and 14079, from 2022 that had permitted federal funding for such procedures. The Office of Management and Budget is tasked with providing guidance for this order's implementation. This order does not alter any existing legal authorities or create enforceable legal rights and will be executed in compliance with the law and fiscal constraints.

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Executive Order No. 14181: Emergency Measures To Provide Water Resources in California and Improve Disaster Response in Certain Areas

The Executive Order 14181, dated January 24, 2025, directs emergency measures to address water resource shortages and improve disaster response in California, particularly due to severe wildfires affecting the Los Angeles area. The order prioritizes the provision of adequate water resources in Southern California, bypassing state and local policies deemed detrimental. Key directives include: 1. Coordination among federal agencies: The Secretaries of Defense, Homeland Security, Commerce, Interior, and Agriculture are tasked with ensuring adequate water resources and must report available emergency authorities within 15 days. 2. Overriding existing policies: The Secretaries of the Interior and Commerce are instructed to override current activities that interfere with maximizing water delivery, exploring options like those in the Bureau of Reclamation's 2024 environmental impact statement. 3. Water infrastructure management: The Secretary of the Interior will utilize the Central Valley Project (CVP) to enhance water delivery and hydropower production. Efforts will focus on increasing storage and conveyance capacities while minimizing state interference. 4. Expedite exemptions: The order mandates expedited consideration of exemptions under the Endangered Species Act for CVP operations, aligning with the earlier Executive Order on a National Energy Emergency. This executive action aims to equip Southern California with necessary resources to combat and prevent wildfires effectively, emphasizing a coordinated federal response over state constraints.

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Executive Order No. 14180: Council To Assess the Federal Emergency Management Agency

Executive Order 14180, issued on January 24, 2025, establishes the Federal Emergency Management Agency Review Council to evaluate and improve FEMA’s effectiveness in disaster response. The order highlights issues related to FEMA’s past performance during Hurricane Helene and other disasters, such as claims of political bias and misallocation of resources. The Council aims to provide recommendations for enhancing FEMA’s mission focus and impartial disaster response. It will consist of up to 20 members, including the Secretaries of Homeland Security and Defense, relevant agency heads, and experts from various sectors. The Council will advise the President on FEMA’s capabilities and suggest improvements by gathering insights from multiple stakeholders.

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Executive Order No. 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence

Executive Order 14179, dated January 23, 2025, focuses on enhancing American leadership in artificial intelligence (AI) by removing barriers to innovation. The order asserts the United States' intent to maintain dominance in AI to support economic competitiveness, human flourishing, and national security. It calls for developing an AI action plan within 180 days, led by the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and other senior advisors. This plan aims to supersede any directives from Executive Order 14110, which previously governed AI policies. The order mandates a review and potential suspension or revision of actions that conflict with its goals. Additionally, it requires revisions to certain Office of Management and Budget memoranda to ensure alignment with the new policy objectives. The General Provisions specify that the order does not impair existing legal authorities of executive departments.

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Executive Order No. 14178: Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology

Executive Order 14178, issued on January 23, 2025, aims to bolster U.S. leadership in digital financial technology. It emphasizes supporting responsible growth and use of digital assets and blockchain technology, ensuring open and lawful access to these technologies for individuals and businesses, and promoting the U.S. dollar's sovereignty. The order mandates clear and consistent regulatory frameworks that foster innovation while ensuring protection against potential risks of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), which could impact financial stability, privacy, and U.S. sovereignty. It also revokes the previous Executive Order 14067 and the Treasury's international digital asset framework to align with this new directive.

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Executive Order No. 14177: President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology

The Executive Order 14177, issued on January 23, 2025, by the President of the United States, establishes the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). The purpose of this council is to guide the nation in maintaining a leadership role in science and technology, responding to emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biotechnology. It emphasizes countering global competition by leveraging American innovation and creativity. PCAST will consist of up to 24 members, including the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST) and the Special Advisor for AI & Crypto. These positions serve as Co-Chairs for the council, with the potential to appoint up to two Vice Chairs from among the non-federal members. The council will include distinguished individuals from various sectors outside of the government, offering diverse perspectives and expertise. The functions of PCAST involve advising the President on science, technology, education, and innovation policy. It aims to provide scientific and technical information necessary for shaping public policy regarding the economy, workforce, and national and homeland security. This initiative addresses the need to combat challenges such as ideological divisions and political influences that can hinder scientific progress, innovation, and public trust.

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Executive Order No. 14176: Declassification of Records Concerning the Assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

The Executive Order 14176, issued on January 23, 2025, mandates the declassification of records concerning the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The order follows previous efforts to disclose records related to Kennedy's assassination, as required by the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992. This Act stipulated that all assassination-related records were to be disclosed by 2017 unless non-disclosure is justified by national security concerns. From 2017 to 2023, efforts were made to review these redactions and withholdings. However, the current order concludes that continued withholding is not in the public interest, affirming that all related records held by the Federal Government are overdue for public release. This order applies to records concerning assassinations of both Kennedys and Dr. King, though no specific legislative requirement exists for the latter two cases. The declassification and disclosure process must begin within 15 days of the order.

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Executive Order No. 14175: Designation of Ansar Allah as a Foreign Terrorist Organization

The Executive Order 14175, issued on January 22, 2025, initiates the process to designate Ansar Allah, also known as the Houthis, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization under the Immigration and Nationality Act. The order highlights the group's support from Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Quds Force, their actions against U.S. interests and allies, and their impact on global maritime trade stability. The policy aims to eliminate the group’s capabilities and protect U.S. and allied personnel and interests. Key implementation steps include a mandated report from the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of the Treasury, within 30 days, followed by appropriate actions based on designation considerations. The order also requires a review by the State Department and USAID of partnerships that may have links to Ansar Allah, with a directive to terminate certain projects or contracts if warranted. General provisions ensure the order does not interfere with existing legal authorities or functions within executive agencies.

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Executive Order No. 14174: Revocation of Certain Executive Orders

On January 21, 2025, Executive Order 14174 was issued, which revokes two previous executive orders: Executive Order 14042, concerning COVID safety protocols for federal contractors, and Executive Order 14043, which mandated COVID-19 vaccinations for federal employees. This order ensures that it does not affect existing legal authorities or budgetary functions. It states that the order will be executed in compliance with applicable laws and is not intended to create any legal rights or benefits enforceable against the U.S. government or its entities.

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Executive Order No. 14173: Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity

Executive Order 14173, issued on January 21, 2025, aims to eliminate illegal discrimination and promote merit-based opportunities in the United States. The order asserts that longstanding civil-rights laws protect against discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and emphasizes the President's duty to enforce these laws. The order criticizes current diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) practices, labeling them as illegal and contrary to merit-based principles. It claims these practices undermine American values and unity, negatively impact public safety, and prioritize identity over capability. The order mandates all federal agencies to terminate any discriminatory and illegal DEI policies and to rigorously enforce existing civil-rights laws. It further directs the agencies to oppose similar illegal preferences within the private sector. As part of implementing this order, certain previous executive orders promoting diversity and inclusion are revoked, including Executive Orders 12898, 13583, and 13672.

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Executive Order No. 14172: Restoring Names That Honor American Greatness

The Executive Order 14172, signed on January 20, 2025, mandates restoring names to honor prominent American figures and promote the country's heritage. The order aims to ensure that the naming of national landmarks recognizes the contributions of visionary Americans. It instructs relevant government officials to review their appointments to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and possibly appoint new members to align with this policy. One notable action instructed by this order is the reinstatement of the name "Mount McKinley" for North America's highest peak, reversing a 2015 decision to rename it Denali. This change aims to honor President William McKinley for his historical significance and contributions. The Geographic Names Information System will reflect this renaming within 30 days, while the national park will continue to be called Denali National Park and Preserve. Additionally, the order encourages collaboration with Alaskan Native organizations to honor regional history and culture.

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Executive Order No. 14171: Restoring Accountability to Policy-Influencing Positions Within the Federal Workforce

Executive Order 14171, issued on January 20, 2025, aims to re-establish accountability within the federal workforce, especially among employees in policy-influencing roles. This order seeks to address the lack of confidence among supervisors in removing employees for insubordination and poor performance, emphasizing that federal employees in such positions must be accountable to the President, who is elected and accountable to the American people. The order reinstates Executive Order 13957 from October 21, 2020, which introduced Schedule F for certain policy-related positions in the federal service. It modifies and replaces Schedule F with "Policy/Career" positions and amends several procedural aspects of the prior order to ensure accountability in these roles. Key amendments include language changes for clarity and provisions directing the application of certain civil service rules to Policy/Career positions, emphasizing the supervision of employees in these roles and the duties appropriate for inclusion in this schedule.

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Executive Order No. 14170: Reforming the Federal Hiring Process and Restoring Merit to Government Service

The executive order issued on January 20, 2025, aims to reform the federal hiring process and emphasize merit-based hiring to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Federal workforce. Key points include: 1. **Policy Objective**: The order emphasizes recruiting high-caliber civil servants who are skilled, dedicated, and committed to American constitutional principles, avoiding factors like race, sex, religion, or gender identity as recruitment criteria. 2. **Federal Hiring Plan**: The plan includes: - Prioritizing candidates who are committed to government efficiency and uphold the rule of law. - Using technical and alternative assessments aligned with the Chance to Compete Act of 2024. - Reducing the average time-to-hire across government agencies to under 80 days. - Enhancing communication with job candidates by providing updates and feedback. - Integrating modern technology, such as data analytics and digital platforms, to improve recruitment processes. - Involving department and agency leaders actively in implementing and managing new hiring processes. 3. **Agency Plans**: The order calls for specific plans to improve the allocation of Senior Executive Service positions across various agencies, including Cabinet agencies and the Environmental Protection Agency. These initiatives aim to attract and maintain a highly skilled Federal workforce that effectively serves American citizens and supports national ideals.

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Executive Order No. 14169: Reevaluating and Realigning United States Foreign Aid

Executive Order 14169, issued on January 20, 2025, mandates a reevaluation of U.S. foreign aid. The order asserts that current foreign aid practices do not align with American interests and values, potentially destabilizing global peace. It establishes a policy requiring all foreign aid to be aligned with the U.S. President's foreign policy. Key actions include: 1. A 90-day pause on new commitments and disbursements of U.S. foreign development assistance for current program reviews. 2. Department and agency heads are to review foreign assistance programs under guidelines from the Secretary of State and consult with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). 3. Decisions on whether to continue, modify, or cease these programs will be made within 90 days based on review outcomes. 4. Assistance funding may resume before the 90-day period ends if approved by the Secretary of State and Director of OMB. 5. The Secretary of State may waive the pause for specific programs. The order clarifies that it does not affect existing authorities and is to be implemented according to the law and available appropriations. It also stipulates that the order does not create enforceable legal rights against the U.S. government or its officials.

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Executive Order No. 14168: Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government

The Executive Order 14168, dated January 20, 2025, establishes a federal policy emphasizing the recognition of sex as strictly biological, consisting of two immutable categories: male and female. It argues against the acceptance of gender identity as interchangeable with sex and maintains that such ideology undermines the dignity and rights of women. The order declares that federal policies will use specific definitions distinguishing between sex and gender identity, enforcing laws based on biological classifications. Terms like "man," "woman," "male," and "female" are explicitly defined biologically, and the order emphasizes enforcing laws that protect these biological distinctions. The order contends that recognizing fluid gender identities poses a risk to women's safety and well-being, and commits to upholding policies consistent with a binary understanding of sex.

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Executive Order No. 14167: Clarifying the Military's Role in Protecting the Territorial Integrity of the United States

The Executive Order 14167, issued by the President on January 20, 2025, focuses on clarifying the role of the U.S. military in protecting the nation's territorial integrity. The order establishes the following: 1. **Purpose**: The President emphasizes the importance of safeguarding U.S. sovereignty and territorial integrity, highlighting the historic role of the Armed Forces in border security against various threats like invasions, unlawful entries, and transnational crimes. 2. **Policy**: It is the policy of the United States that the Armed Forces should prioritize the defense of the nation's territorial integrity and sovereignty, particularly focusing on border security. 3. **Implementation**: - The Secretary of Defense is tasked with revising the Unified Command Plan within 10 days to assign U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) the mission of securing the borders against threats including unlawful migration, drug trafficking, human smuggling, and other crimes. - USNORTHCOM must develop plans to seal the borders and ensure security, with a Level 3 planning requirement and a commander's estimate due to the Secretary of Defense within 30 days. - The order directs continuous assessments of options to protect U.S. sovereignty effectively. The overall aim is to respond to ongoing threats, particularly along the southern border, and strengthen measures against illegal activities that threaten national security.

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Executive Order No. 14166: Application of Protecting Americans From Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act to TikTok

Executive Order 14166, issued on January 20, 2025, concerns the application of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act to TikTok. The Act regulates applications deemed controlled by foreign adversaries, such as those operated by ByteDance Ltd., TikTok's China-based parent company. The Act prohibits the distribution, maintenance, or updating of these applications within the U.S. through online stores or internet hosting services. Effective January 19, 2025, the Act aims to address national security concerns. The President, acknowledging his responsibility for national security and foreign policy, seeks to consult with advisors and review intelligence on TikTok's security risks. The Executive Order notes that the timing of the Act's implementation, one day before the President took office, interferes with adequately assessing its implications and negotiating a resolution that considers national security while preserving the platform used by 170 million Americans. To address these issues, the President orders a 75-day suspension of the Act’s enforcement. During this period, the Attorney General and the Department of Justice are instructed not to enforce the Act or penalize any entities for noncompliance. This pause is intended to allow the Administration to carefully determine a suitable action plan regarding TikTok.

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Executive Order No. 14165: Securing Our Borders

Executive Order 14165, issued on January 20, 2025, focuses on enhancing border security in the United States. Citing a significant increase in illegal immigration over the past four years, the order outlines measures to prevent unlawful entry and maintain national security. It emphasizes constructing physical barriers and deploying personnel at the southern border, aiming for complete operational control. The policy aims to deter illegal immigration, maximize detention of individuals violating laws, and ensure their prompt removal. It also includes prosecuting violators and those aiding illegal immigration, collaborating with state and local law enforcement, and maintaining robust federal-state partnerships. The order tasks the Secretaries of Defense and Homeland Security with implementing these measures to secure the nation's borders effectively.

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Executive Order No. 14164: Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting Public Safety

Executive Order 14164, issued on January 20, 2025, reinstates and emphasizes the use of the death penalty in the United States. It asserts that capital punishment is vital for deterring and punishing severe crimes and has historical support. The order criticizes political and judicial efforts that have previously obstructed the implementation of the death penalty, including a moratorium placed by the previous administration and decisions by certain judges. It declares a policy to ensure respect for laws authorizing capital punishment. The order mandates the Attorney General to pursue the death penalty for severe crimes and specifically for crimes involving the murder of law enforcement officers or committed by illegal aliens. Additionally, it encourages state-level authorities to enforce capital punishment for similar crimes. The overall aim is to ensure that laws supporting capital punishment are effectively executed.

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Executive Order No. 14163: Realigning the United States Refugee Admissions Program

Executive Order 14163, issued on January 20, 2025, suspends the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) due to concerns over a significant influx of migrants and the impact on resources, security, and assimilation capabilities. The order directs a halt to refugee admissions until it is determined they align with U.S. interests, starting January 27, 2025. Federal authorities, including the Secretary of Homeland Security, are instructed to stop processing refugee applications. However, exceptions on a case-by-case basis are allowed if deemed in the national interest and secure. The order also calls for examining the legal framework to potentially expand state and local involvement in refugee placement decisions.

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Executive Order No. 14162: Putting America First in International Environmental Agreements

Executive Order 14162, issued on January 20, 2025, outlines the United States' approach to international environmental agreements under the principle of prioritizing national interests. The order emphasizes the need for economic growth and job preservation while pursuing environmental leadership. It criticizes previous international commitments that allegedly do not align with U.S. values or necessitate financial support from American taxpayers. Key directives include: 1. **Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement**: The U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations is instructed to notify the UN of America's immediate withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and relevant commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2. **Ceasing Financial Commitments**: The U.S. is to halt or revoke any financial commitments made under the UN climate agreements. 3. **Reporting**: After executing these actions, the Ambassador, with the coordination of the Secretaries of State and Treasury, must report further required actions to achieve the order's objectives. 4. **Revocation of Climate Finance Plan**: The U.S. International Climate Finance Plan is revoked, with a directive to issue guidance within 10 days for rescinding any frozen funds connected to these programs. The order underscores a focus on reducing international obligations perceived as burdensome to the U.S. economy while maintaining a stance on environmental leadership.

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Executive Order No. 14161: Protecting the United States From Foreign Terrorists and Other National Security and Public Safety Threats

Executive Order 14161, issued on January 20, 2025, establishes measures to protect the United States from foreign terrorists and other national security threats. The order emphasizes the need to scrutinize individuals seeking entry into the U.S. to ensure they do not hold hostile attitudes towards American citizens, culture, or institutions and are not threats to national security. The order mandates enhanced vetting and screening processes, coordinated by the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security, the Attorney General, and the Director of National Intelligence. Key requirements include identifying resources for extensive screening, determining necessary information for visa adjudication, and re-establishing standard screening procedures. The focus is particularly on individuals from regions with security risks. Within 60 days, those officials must report to the President on countries with insufficient vetting capabilities, potentially leading to partial or full suspension of admissions from those countries. They must also provide data on nationals from these countries entering the U.S. since January 2021. Additionally, the order instructs the Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude or remove any individuals identified as threats.

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Executive Order No. 14160: Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship

Executive Order 14160, issued on January 20, 2025, outlines policies relating to U.S. citizenship. It states that U.S. citizenship is a significant right, guided by the Fourteenth Amendment which provides citizenship to those born or naturalized in the United States, subject to jurisdiction. However, the order specifies that certain individuals born in the U.S. are not automatically granted citizenship: (1) if their mother was unlawfully present and the father was neither a U.S. citizen nor a lawful permanent resident at birth, or (2) if their mother's presence in the U.S. was lawful but temporary and the father was not a citizen or permanent resident. The policy prohibits U.S. government departments and agencies from issuing or accepting documents that recognize citizenship under these conditions. This applies only to births occurring after 30 days from the order's date. The order does not affect other individuals, like children of lawful permanent residents, in obtaining citizenship documentation. Key government officials are instructed to ensure their policies align with this order.

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Executive Order No. 14159: Protecting the American People Against Invasion

Executive Order 14159, issued on January 20, 2025, aims to reinforce the enforcement of U.S. immigration laws and protect national security and public safety. This order declares that previously enacted measures by the prior administration allowed illegal immigration, posing threats to the safety and economy of the United States. It emphasizes the need for the Federal Government to prioritize the safety, security, and economic well-being of American citizens. Key points include: 1. Revocation of Executive Orders 13993, 14010, 14011, and 14012, which dealt with prior civil immigration enforcement policies, migration frameworks, family reunifications, and legal immigration systems. 2. Agencies are directed to revoke any memos or policies based on the now-revoked orders and ensure enforcement of immigration laws against inadmissible and removable aliens. 3. The Secretary of Homeland Security is tasked with enabling key immigration and customs officials to set enforcement priorities, focusing on those posing threats to safety or security.

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Executive Order No. 14158: Establishing and Implementing the President's "Department of Government Efficiency"

The Executive Order 14158 issued on January 20, 2025, establishes the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) to advance the President's DOGE Agenda. This initiative focuses on modernizing federal technology and software to enhance efficiency and productivity in government operations. 1. **Reorganization**: The United States Digital Service is renamed as the United States DOGE Service (USDS) and now operates under the Executive Office of the President. A temporary organization within USDS is established to support the 18-month DOGE agenda and will terminate on July 4, 2026. 2. **DOGE Teams**: Each federal agency will form a DOGE Team, consisting of at least four members, including a team lead, engineer, human resources specialist, and attorney. These teams will coordinate with the USDS Administrator to implement the DOGE Agenda. 3. **Software Modernization Initiative**: Led by the USDS Administrator, this initiative aims to enhance the efficiency of government-wide software and IT systems, promote interoperability, ensure data integrity, and facilitate responsible data handling. 4. **Interagency Cooperation**: Agency heads are instructed to provide the USDS with access to unclassified records and systems necessary for modernization efforts, adhering to data protection standards. Existing regulations that conflict with this order, subject to presidential amendment, are displaced.

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Executive Order No. 14157: Designating Cartels and Other Organizations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists

Executive Order 14157, issued on January 20, 2025, establishes a process for designating certain international cartels and organizations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations or Specially Designated Global Terrorists under U.S. law, specifically the Immigration and Nationality Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. The order acknowledges that these cartels, along with other groups like Tren de Aragua and MS-13, pose significant threats to U.S. national security by engaging in activities such as violence, drug trafficking, and infiltration of governments. These entities are perceived as threatening the stability and security of the Western Hemisphere and the U.S. itself. The order declares a national emergency to address these threats and outlines the U.S. policy to eliminate the presence and influence of these organizations. It mandates the Secretary of State to take necessary actions within 14 days, consulting with other relevant government officials.

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Executive Order No. 14156: Declaring a National Energy Emergency

On January 20, 2025, the President issued Executive Order 14156 declaring a national energy emergency. The order highlights the inadequacy of the U.S.'s energy supply and infrastructure due to past policies, which has led to high energy prices, affecting especially low-income citizens. It addresses the threat from foreign actors exploiting U.S. energy vulnerabilities, underlining the need for domestic energy security as a matter of national security. The order emphasizes the necessity to expand the country's energy infrastructure and to utilize domestic energy resources to create jobs and enhance economic prosperity. It aims to strengthen U.S. energy independence and international relationships by reducing reliance on foreign energy sources. The President calls for immediate action to rectify the current energy situation to support both national security and technological innovation. The document points out that the energy supply challenges are particularly severe in the Northeast and West Coast due to local policies, warning of potential risks to the nation’s defense and security.

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Executive Order No. 14155: Withdrawing the United States From the World Health Organization

The Executive Order 14155, issued on January 20, 2025, announces the withdrawal of the United States from the World Health Organization (WHO). The decision is based on criticisms of the WHO's handling of health crises, its need for reform, and perceived political influences, as well as the financial burdens placed on the U.S. compared to other countries. Key actions include: 1. Revocation of previous Executive Orders and notifications that kept the U.S. within the WHO. 2. Establishment of internal mechanisms for national health and biosecurity via the National Security Council. 3. Immediate suspension of U.S. funding and support to the WHO, and reassignment of personnel involved with it. 4. Identification of alternative international partners to replace the WHO's roles. 5. Review and revision of the 2024 U.S. Global Health Security Strategy. 6. Cessation of negotiations on the WHO Pandemic Agreement and related regulations. The order also stipulates compliance with existing laws, respects the authority of various government bodies, and states that it does not create enforceable rights.

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Executive Order No. 14154: Unleashing American Energy

Executive Order 14154, issued on January 20, 2025, establishes a policy framework titled "Unleashing American Energy." Recognizing the United States' rich resources and the perceived restrictive impact of current regulations, the order aims to enhance energy exploration and production, especially on Federal lands and waters, and bolster the nation's role as a leader in energy and mineral production. Key policies include: 1. **Energy Exploration**: Encouraging development on Federal lands and the Outer Continental Shelf to reinforce the U.S.'s position as a global energy leader. 2. **Mineral Production**: Enhancing production of non-fuel minerals, such as rare earth minerals, to boost domestic industry and supply chains while reducing foreign influence. 3. **Economic and National Security**: Ensuring an abundant and accessible energy supply across all states to support military and national security efforts. 4. **Regulatory Clarity**: Ensuring energy regulations are based on applicable laws to eliminate burdensome restrictions. 5. **Electric Vehicles**: Removing mandates for electric vehicles to support consumer choice and eliminate market distortions. 6. **Consumer Choices**: Protecting consumer access to a wide variety of goods and appliances to promote market competition and innovation. 7. **Regulatory Impact Evaluation**: Separating global effects from domestic costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations to prioritize American interests. 8. **Public Participation and Scientific Analysis**: Requiring public comment opportunities and rigorous scientific analysis for all regulatory actions. 9. **Federal Funding Restrictions**: Prohibiting the use of Federal funds in ways that contradict the order's principles. Overall, the Executive Order seeks to remove perceived regulatory barriers to bolster economic growth, national security, and energy independence.

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Executive Order No. 14153: Unleashing Alaska's Extraordinary Resource Potential

Executive Order 14153, issued on January 20, 2025, outlines the policy and actions for developing Alaska's natural resources. The order emphasizes enhancing U.S. economic and national security by fully utilizing Alaska's resources, such as energy, minerals, timber, and seafood. The President orders the reversal of restrictions from the previous administration that hindered Alaska's resource development on State and Federal lands. The key policies include maximizing resource development, expediting project permits and leases, and prioritizing the development and export of Alaskan liquefied natural gas (LNG). To implement these policies, heads of executive departments and agencies are instructed to revoke or amend regulations inconsistent with these goals, focusing particularly on the Alaska LNG Project. The Secretary of the Interior is directed to withdraw a previous order limiting activities in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and to overturn the cancellation of leases, except where otherwise dictated.

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Executive Order No. 14152: Holding Former Government Officials Accountable for Election Interference and Improper Disclosure of Sensitive Governmental Information

Executive Order 14152, issued on January 20, 2025, aims to hold former government officials accountable for election interference and the improper disclosure of sensitive governmental information. This order is a response to events during the 2020 Presidential campaign, where certain former intelligence officials allegedly coordinated with the Biden campaign to issue a misleading letter labeled as a Russian disinformation story, thereby undermining democratic processes. Additionally, it addresses the unauthorized disclosure of classified information in publications, exemplified by former National Security Advisor John R. Bolton's memoir. The order directs the revocation of security clearances for those former intelligence officials involved in the 2020 coordination and for John R. Bolton. It sets out specific policies to ensure that the Intelligence Community remains nonpartisan and that individuals with security clearances do not use them to influence elections. Moreover, it stipulates that classified information should not be disclosed in personal memoirs, especially for monetary gain. The Director of National Intelligence, in collaboration with the CIA Director, is tasked with implementing the revocations immediately.

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Executive Order No. 14151: Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing

Executive Order 14151, issued on January 20, 2025, orders the termination of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs within the Federal Government. The President has mandated that all DEI-related policies, mandates, and positions be eliminated, citing them as wasteful and discriminatory. Key directives include: 1. **Objective and Policy**: The order criticizes the previous administration for embedding DEI into various government sectors and aims to refocus government efforts on serving all citizens equally without specific DEI measures. 2. **Implementation Measures**: - The Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), along with the Attorney General and Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), will oversee the termination of DEI programs. - All federal employment policies must be reviewed and revised to align with the new directive. - Federal agencies are to focus on rewarding individual performance instead of DEI considerations. 3. **Agency Actions**: - Federal agencies must terminate all DEI offices, positions, and programs within 60 days. - Agencies are required to provide the OMB with lists of DEI-related positions and expenditures as of November 4, 2024, and assess if there have been attempts to rebrand these roles. - The order includes an identification of contractors and grantees involved in DEI initiatives since January 2021. The order is aimed at realigning government resources and practices to focus solely on traditional performance metrics and general public service.

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Executive Order No. 14150: America First Policy Directive to the Secretary of State

Executive Order 14150, issued on January 20, 2025, directs the Secretary of State to align U.S. foreign policy with an "America First" approach, prioritizing American interests and citizens. The Secretary of State is instructed to adjust the Department of State's policies and operations accordingly. The order clarifies that it does not alter existing legal authorities or budgetary functions and must be implemented within legal and budgetary constraints. It does not create enforceable legal rights for any party.

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Executive Order No. 14149: Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship

The Executive Order 14149, issued on January 20, 2025, aims to restore freedom of speech and end federal censorship in accordance with the First Amendment. The order outlines the following key policies: 1. **Secure Free Speech**: It emphasizes securing the right of the American people to engage in constitutionally protected speech. 2. **Prohibit Government Interference**: It prohibits federal officers, employees, or agents from engaging in or supporting any actions that would unconstitutionally restrict free speech. 3. **Resource Use**: It prevents taxpayer resources from being used to support actions that would unconstitutionally restrict free speech. 4. **Address Past Misconduct**: It mandates the identification and correction of past federal misconduct related to the censorship of protected speech. Additionally, the order directs the Attorney General to investigate past federal activities inconsistent with this order and report findings and recommendations. It clarifies that the order does not affect the legal authority of executive departments or agencies and is subject to applicable law and appropriations. It does not create any enforceable legal rights against the U.S. government.

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Executive Order No. 14148: Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions

Executive Order 14148, issued on January 20, 2025, by the President, aims to counteract what it describes as harmful actions and policies from the previous administration. The order emphasizes a need to revert changes related to diversity, border control, and climate policy, which are perceived as divisive and inflationary. It revokes multiple executive orders enacted between January 20 and January 26, 2021, focusing on areas such as racial equity, COVID-19 response, climate crisis measures, immigration enforcement, and worker health and safety. The revocations indicate a shift towards policies that the current administration believes will unify and benefit the nation.

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Executive Order No. 14147: Ending the Weaponization of the Federal Government

Executive Order 14147, issued on January 20, 2025, addresses the alleged previous misuse of federal authority for political purposes. It establishes measures to review and correct any past misconduct by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies that may have targeted political opponents or infringing on constitutional rights. The order mandates the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence to examine the activities of relevant agencies over the last four years. They are tasked with identifying any actions inconsistent with lawful governance and providing reports with recommendations for corrective actions to the President. The goal is to ensure accountability and prevent future misuse of governmental powers.

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Executive Order No. 14146: Partial Revocation of Executive Order 13961

On January 19, 2025, President issued Executive Order 14146, which partially revokes previous Executive Order 13961 from December 7, 2020, concerning federal mission resilience. Specifically, sections 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 of EO 13961 are revoked. The remaining sections 2, 6, and 8 are renumbered as sections 1, 2, and 3, with minor amendments to the text. The order clarifies that nothing in it should affect legal authority or functions related to budgeting, administration, or legislative proposals, and it is to be implemented in alignment with the law and available appropriations. The order also states it does not create any enforceable rights or benefits against the U.S. government or its entities.

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Executive Order No. 14145: Helping Left-Behind Communities Make a Comeback

Executive Order 14145, titled "Helping Left-Behind Communities Make a Comeback," was issued by the President on January 19, 2025. The order outlines a policy to improve economic outcomes in "left-behind communities" through a coordinated whole-of-government approach. It targets "covered communities," which include municipalities in economically distressed areas, communities in Community Disaster Resiliency Zones, regions supported by specific federal programs, and rural communities identified by designated officials. The order defines key terms such as "economically distressed region" and "place-based economic development," the latter involving targeted policies to enhance infrastructure, workforce development, regional economic opportunities, union capacity, R&D, and community systems. Federal collaboration, as directed by the Secretary of Commerce, is emphasized to coordinate investments and develop policy recommendations, ensuring improved economic support for these communities. The order involves multiple government departments and agencies in facilitating these efforts.

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Executive Order No. 14144: Strengthening and Promoting Innovation in the Nation's Cybersecurity

The Executive Order 14144, issued on January 16, 2025, by the President of the United States, seeks to bolster the nation's cybersecurity framework. It acknowledges the persistent cyber threats posed by adversarial nations, particularly the People's Republic of China, and cyber criminals targeting government and critical infrastructure sectors. Key actions outlined include: 1. Strengthening defenses and enhancing accountability in cybersecurity, particularly focusing on securing digital infrastructures and services. 2. Increasing transparency and security in third-party software supply chains by implementing secure software acquisition practices and requiring software providers to adhere to secure development practices. 3. Building on the initiatives from Executive Order 14028 (May 12, 2021), to improve software integrity, and requiring software providers to address known vulnerabilities to protect federal systems. The order emphasizes the necessity for innovative developments and the adoption of emerging technologies to tackle these cybersecurity threats effectively.

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Executive Order No. 14143: Providing for the Appointment of Alumni of AmeriCorps to the Competitive Service

Executive Order 14143, issued on January 16, 2025, by the President, provides guidelines for appointing alumni of AmeriCorps programs to the competitive service in the Federal Government. The order aims to leverage the skills and experiences of AmeriCorps alumni, who have demonstrated commitment through extensive training and service. These individuals will receive Non-Competitive Eligibility (NCE) status, allowing their appointment without the usual competitive hiring process. The order mandates the AmeriCorps Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or a designee to certify individuals who have completed at least 1,700 hours of full-time service in AmeriCorps programs. This certification will enable the certified individuals to be appointed non-competitively to applicable positions within one year of completing their service. The order does not affect the existing NCE status for VISTA members, as described under the Domestic Volunteer Service Act. If certifications are found incorrect, AmeriCorps will take corrective action based on the circumstances.

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Executive Order No. 14142: Taking Additional Steps With Respect to the Situation in Syria

Executive Order 14142, issued by President Joseph R. Biden Jr. on January 15, 2025, modifies measures concerning the national emergency in Syria, initially declared in Executive Order 13894 (2019). It removes references to Turkey's military actions in northeast Syria and adjusts criteria for blocking the property of certain individuals. The amendments enable blocking the property of persons who provide support to or represent individuals whose assets have been frozen under the order. The order clarifies that it should not interfere with legal authorities or budgetary functions and does not establish enforceable rights against the U.S. government.

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Executive Order No. 14141: Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure

The executive order, titled "Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure," issued on January 14, 2025, sets a strategic plan for fostering the United States' leadership in artificial intelligence (AI). The order highlights AI as a crucial technology influencing national security, economic competitiveness, and the need for robust domestic infrastructure to support AI development. It underscores that AI advancements are essential for maintaining edge over global competitors and protecting national security by relying on domestic rather than foreign infrastructure. Key initiatives include: 1. Ensuring the United States remains a leader in AI through substantial private sector investments in computing and energy infrastructure while maintaining secure supply chains for critical components. 2. Promoting clean energy solutions such as geothermal, solar, wind, and nuclear power to support AI infrastructure needs. 3. Creating a competitive technology ecosystem, balancing opportunities for both small and large businesses, and keeping consumer electricity prices low. 4. Facilitating economic benefits for communities and workers involved in AI infrastructure development. Executive departments and agencies are directed to follow five guiding principles to advance national security, economic competitiveness, and leadership in AI infrastructure, as aligned with previous national security memorandums.

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Executive Order No. 14140: Taking Additional Steps With Respect to the Situation in the Western Balkans

Executive Order 14140, issued by President Joseph R. Biden Jr., addresses issues in the Western Balkans. The order aims to strengthen measures against activities undermining peace, security, and democratic institutions in the region. It amends a previous order, Executive Order 14033, by blocking property and interests in property within the U.S. of individuals identified as participating in destabilizing actions in the Western Balkans. These actions include threatening the region’s stability, undermining democratic processes, violating significant agreements, and engaging in corruption. The order authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to determine which individuals’ properties will be blocked. Notable agreements and resolutions cited include the Prespa Agreement, the Ohrid Framework Agreement, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, the Dayton Accords, and other peace-related frameworks.

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Executive Order No. 14139: Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of the National Cyber Director

The Executive Order 14139, dated January 3, 2025, establishes an order of succession within the Office of the National Cyber Director. In cases where the Director is unable to serve, the succession will follow a predefined order: 1. Deputy National Cyber Director 2. Chief of Staff 3. Assistant National Cyber Director for Policy Development 4. Assistant National Cyber Director for Policy Implementation 5. Assistant National Cyber Director for Resource Management and Administration 6. General Counsel The order clarifies that individuals serving in an acting capacity in these roles are not eligible to ascend to the Director position through this order. Eligibility for acting as Director is bound by the Federal Vacancies Reform Act’s stipulations. The President reserves the right to make exceptions to these rules when allowed by law. The order ensures it doesn't interfere with existing legal authorities or functions of other executive roles or agencies, and it is subject to legal and budgetary constraints. It does not create new legal rights enforceable against the government.

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Executive Order No. 14138: Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of Management and Budget

Executive Order 14138, issued on January 3, 2025, establishes an order of succession for the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It specifies the sequence in which officials will assume the role of Director in case both the Director and Deputy Director are unable to serve. The order of succession is: Deputy Director for Management, Executive Associate Director, and various Associate Directors, followed by other key positions such as General Counsel and several Administrators. The order of succession is subject to exceptions: individuals serving in an acting capacity cannot ascend to Director solely by virtue of this status unless eligible under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act. The President retains discretion to modify these designations. Furthermore, Executive Order 13615, issued on May 21, 2012, is revoked by this new order. The order clarifies that it does not alter existing legal authorities or the Director's responsibilities related to budgetary and legislative proposals. Its implementation depends on existing laws and available funding, and it does not create legally enforceable rights.

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Executive Order No. 14137: Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of the Treasury

Executive Order 14137, issued on January 3, 2025, establishes an order of succession for the Department of the Treasury. In cases where both the Secretary and Deputy Secretary are unable to serve, the order is as follows: Under Secretaries, the General Counsel, Deputy Under Secretaries, Assistant Secretaries appointed with Senate consent, Chief of Staff, Assistant Secretary for Management, Fiscal Assistant Secretary, Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Commissioner of the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Deputy Commissioner for Financing and Operations, and Deputy Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service, all listed in order of seniority. Individuals serving in acting capacities cannot assume the role of Secretary through this order. The President retains authority to deviate from this order when legally permissible. The order revokes Executive Order 13735 from 2016. It does not affect existing legal authorities or budgetary functions and does not create legally enforceable rights.

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Executive Order No. 14136: Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice

Executive Order 14136, issued on January 3, 2025, establishes an order of succession within the Department of Justice. This order is applicable during periods when the Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, Associate Attorney General, and other designated officers are unable to perform their duties. The succession list includes the United States Attorneys for the Southern District of New York, District of Arizona, Northern District of Illinois, and District of Hawaii, in that order. Exceptions are specified, such as individuals serving in an acting capacity not being eligible to act as Attorney General purely by virtue of their acting status unless eligible under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act. The order revokes Executive Order 13787 from March 31, 2017, and outlines that the President retains the discretion to designate an acting Attorney General. The order does not create enforceable rights or benefits.

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Executive Order No. 14135: Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Homeland Security

Executive Order 14135, issued on January 3, 2025, establishes the order of succession for the Secretary of Homeland Security. It specifies that if the Secretary and designated successors are unavailable, responsibilities fall to the following officials in this order: the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration, the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, the Director of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers, and the Region 3 Administrator of FEMA. Acting officials from these positions cannot assume the role of Secretary unless qualified under law. The President retains discretion to deviate from this order. This executive order revokes Executive Order 13753 and amends the succession rules from Executive Order 13286. It clarifies this order doesn't grant legal rights enforceable by individuals.

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Executive Order No. 14134: Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture

Executive Order 14134, issued on January 3, 2025, establishes the order of succession for the position of Secretary of Agriculture in the event the Secretary and Deputy Secretary are unable to serve. The succession order is as follows: 1. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm Production and Conservation 2. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services 3. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment 4. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics 5. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development 6. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety 7. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs 8. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs 9. General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture 10. Assistant Secretary of Agriculture (Congressional Relations and Intergovernmental Affairs) 11. Chief Financial Officer, Department of Agriculture 12. Assistant Secretary of Agriculture (Civil Rights) 13. Assistant Secretary of Agriculture (Administration) 14. Chief of Staff, Office of the Secretary 15. State Executive Directors of the Farm Service Agency for Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa, based on seniority 16. Director, Office of Budget and Program Analysis 17. Chief, United States Forest Service The order specifies that individuals serving in an acting capacity in any of these positions cannot act as Secretary. Additionally, the President maintains discretion to alter this order if necessary. The order also revokes Executive Order 13612 from May 21, 2012, which previously established a succession plan. This order will be applied in accordance with applicable laws and budgetary appropriations.

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Executive Order No. 14133: Providing for the Closing of Executive Departments and Agencies of the Federal Government on January 9, 2025

Executive Order 14133, issued on December 30, 2024, mandates the closure of all federal executive departments and agencies on January 9, 2025, to honor James Earl Carter, Jr., the thirty-ninth President of the United States. Agency heads have the discretion to keep certain offices open if necessary for national security, defense, or public need. January 9, 2025, is to be treated as a holiday under applicable laws affecting federal employee pay and leave. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management is tasked with implementing the order. This order does not interfere with existing legal authorities or budgetary functions and does not create enforceable legal rights.

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Executive Order No. 14132: Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay

Executive Order 14132, issued by the President on December 23, 2024, outlines adjustments to various federal pay rates effective January 2025. The order specifies changes to: 1. **Statutory Pay Systems**: Adjustments made to the General Schedule, Foreign Service Schedule, and Veterans Health Administration schedules. 2. **Senior Executive Service**: Updated pay ranges set for senior executives. 3. **Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries**: Pay adjustments for officials under the Executive Schedule, including the Vice President, members of Congress, and judges. 4. **Uniformed Services**: Updated monthly basic pay for uniformed service members, including cadets and midshipmen. 5. **Locality-Based Comparability Payments**: Implementation of adjusted locality-based payments, with actions overseen by the Office of Personnel Management. 6. **Administrative Law Judges**: Revised pay rates for administrative law judges. The new pay schedules become effective on January 1, 2025, or the start of the first relevant pay period thereafter. This order supersedes Executive Order 14113 from December 21, 2023.

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Executive Order No. 14131: Amendments to Executive Orders Relating to Certain Certificates and Badges

Executive Order 14131, issued on December 20, 2024, amends previous executive orders regarding certain certificates and badges. Notably, it modifies Executive Order 12793, which pertains to the Presidential Service Certificate and Badge. The order continues these honors, specifying their award to uniformed service members assigned to the White House Office, associated military units, or direct support roles within the Executive Office of the President. The Certificate is awarded by the respective secretaries of the military, or the Secretary of Homeland Security for the Coast Guard outside the Navy. The Badge accompanies the Certificate and is worn as part of the uniform, subject to departmental regulations. Furthermore, amendments were made to Executive Order 11926 on the Vice Presidential Service Badge. This Badge is awarded to military personnel assigned to the Vice President's Office or performing substantial duties for the Vice President, for a minimum of one year, based on service dates post-December 19, 1974, or January 20, 2001, fostering service recognition within pertinent roles.

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Executive Order No. 14130: 2024 Amendments to the Manual for Courts Martial, United States

Executive Order 14130, issued on December 20, 2024, introduces amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial of the United States. The order updates Parts II, III, IV, and V of the Manual, following guidelines from the Uniform Code of Military Justice (10 U.S.C. 801–946a). It also establishes regulations for randomized selection of court-martial members as guided by the 2023 National Defense Authorization Act. Key Points: 1. **Effective Date and Non-Retroactivity**: - Most amendments take effect immediately, ensuring they don't punish actions retroactively or disrupt ongoing judicial processes before this order's implementation. - Specific amendments to Rules for Courts-Martial (R.C.M.) take effect on December 22, 2024 (R.C.M. 908(c)(3), 1205(a), 1209(a)(1)) and December 23, 2024 (R.C.M. 503(a)(1)), with similar assurances against retroactivity. 2. **Consistency and Continuity**: - The amendments are designed without interfering with previously initiated judicial actions. - Existing procedures will remain unaffected by the changes, ensuring continuity in ongoing military legal proceedings. The order highlights procedural enhancements but maintains a consistent legal framework for actions initiated before these updates.

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Executive Order No. 14129: Providing for the Closing of Executive Departments and Agencies of the Federal Government on December 24, 2024

Executive Order 14129, issued on December 18, 2024, mandates the closure of all federal executive departments and agencies on December 24, 2024, the day before Christmas. Heads of these departments and agencies retain the discretion to keep certain offices open and require specific employees to work on that day if necessary for national security, defense, or public need. December 24, 2024, is to be treated in line with Executive Order 11582 and relevant statutes concerning employee pay and leave. The Office of Personnel Management is tasked with actions required to implement this order. The order clarifies that it should not interfere with legal authorities of agencies or affect budget-related functions and does not establish enforceable legal rights.

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Executive Order No. 14128: Establishing a Second Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between New Jersey Transit Rail Operations and Its Locomotive Engineers Represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen

The executive order establishes a second emergency board to investigate an ongoing labor dispute between New Jersey Transit Rail Operations and its locomotive engineers represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. This dispute has not been resolved under the Railway Labor Act. The initial board's recommendations were not accepted, prompting a request for a second board under section 9A of the RLA. Effective November 22, 2024, a board consisting of a chairperson and two members, all appointed by the President, will be created to investigate and report on the dispute. The board will operate subject to available funding and its members must not have any vested interests in related organizations. Within 30 days from its creation, the disputing parties must submit final settlement offers. The board will then have an additional 30 days to report the most reasonable offer to the President. During this period, no changes can be made to the existing conditions of the dispute without mutual consent. Upon completion of its report to the President, the board will terminate, and its records will be maintained by the National Mediation Board.

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Executive Order No. 14127: Combating Emerging Firearms Threats and Improving School-Based Active-Shooter Drills

Executive Order 14127, issued on September 26, 2024, by the President, focuses on reducing gun violence and enhancing school-based active-shooter drills. The order builds on previous actions taken by the current administration, including the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act, to address rising homicide rates and emerging firearm threats. Key aspects of the order include: 1. **Policy Coordination**: The administration commits to coordinating efforts across federal agencies to address gun violence and improve safety measures. 2. **Emerging Firearms Threats**: The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) has established an Emerging Threats Center to monitor illicit firearm activities, especially the distribution of "ghost guns" and devices converting firearms into machineguns. 3. **Active-Shooter Drills**: The order emphasizes the importance of understanding and improving school-based active-shooter drills to enhance safety. 4. **Regulatory Focus**: While challenging a Supreme Court decision on bump stocks, the administration remains focused on enforcing existing laws against machinegun conversion devices, which pose significant threats due to their capacity for high rates of fire. This executive order is part of an ongoing effort to reduce gun-related violence by countering illegal firearm technologies and ensuring better safety protocols in schools.

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Executive Order No. 14126: Investing in America and Investing in American Workers

Executive Order 14126, issued on September 6, 2024, emphasizes the continued implementation of the "Investing in America" agenda, which aims to revitalize American infrastructure, revive manufacturing, and support the clean energy sector. This agenda builds on previous executive orders related to the Inflation Reduction Act and the CHIPS Act. The order underscores the importance of creating well-paying, union-supported jobs to enhance economic security, competitiveness, and resilience in the U.S. economy. The order highlights the historical use of high labor standards in federally assisted projects, which include prevailing wages, project labor agreements, and equal employment opportunity policies. These standards are intended to ensure efficient project completion, provide a skilled workforce, support equitable workforce development, and improve worker safety. The order calls for greater use of these tools to improve project outcomes and community benefits. The policy aims to create equitable workforce development pathways, ensuring workers receive fair wages, benefits, and safe work environments, and have the opportunity to join unions without discrimination. The executive order identifies several federal departments as "implementing agencies" to carry out these initiatives.

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Executive Order No. 14125: Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between New Jersey Transit Rail Operations and Its Locomotive Engineers Represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen

Executive Order 14125, issued on July 24, 2024, establishes an Emergency Board to address an ongoing dispute between New Jersey Transit Rail Operations and its Locomotive Engineers, who are represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. This action is in accordance with the Railway Labor Act (RLA), upon a request from a party vested under the act. The Board, comprised of a chair and two members appointed by the President, is required to investigate and report on the dispute within 30 days. During this period, and for 120 days from the Board's creation, no changes may be made to the conditions causing the dispute without mutual agreement. The Board's records will be maintained by the National Mediation Board after its termination, which will occur following the submission of its report.

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Executive Order No. 14124: White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity Through Hispanic-Serving Institutions

The Executive Order 14124, issued on July 17, 2024, focuses on enhancing educational equity and economic opportunity through Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). The order acknowledges the significant role HSIs play in providing educational opportunities for Hispanic and Latino students, especially those from low-income backgrounds. Despite making up only 13% of all postsecondary institutions, HSIs account for around 30% of all Pell Grant recipients. These institutions are instrumental in fostering diversity, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. The order highlights a critical issue: HSIs receive 25% less per-student federal funding compared to other degree-granting institutions, even as the number of HSIs and their Hispanic enrollment numbers have significantly increased over the past decades. This funding gap contributes to challenges in meeting physical and digital infrastructure needs, impacting the ability of students, faculty, and staff to access necessary resources. To address these challenges, the executive order aims to increase opportunities for HSIs' participation in federal programs, enhance their capacity to provide high-quality education, and strengthen their role as engines of economic mobility and educational opportunity. The order underscores the importance of these institutions in the nation's educational landscape and places a priority on supporting them with resources that match their contributions.

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Executive Order No. 14123: White House Council on Supply Chain Resilience

Executive Order 14123, issued on June 14, 2024, by the President, creates the White House Council on Supply Chain Resilience. It reinforces the policy from Executive Order 14017 to fortify America's supply chains, aiming for resilience, diversity, and security. This effort is crucial for economic prosperity, public health, and national security, addressing threats like pandemics, cyberattacks, climate events, geopolitical tensions, and more. Key strategies include boosting domestic manufacturing, strengthening R&D, fostering innovation, securing critical infrastructure, and creating jobs. Collaboration with international allies is emphasized to enhance global supply chain resilience, supporting economic and national security. The order defines key terms and coordinates implementation through the established Council, reaffirming unaltered provisions of Executive Order 14017.

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Executive Order No. 14121: Recognizing and Honoring Women's History

Executive Order 14121, issued on March 27, 2024, aims to enhance the recognition of women's contributions to U.S. history. The order emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the roles of women and girls from diverse backgrounds in shaping American history. It highlights the National Park Service's role in storytelling through historical and cultural sites, noting that women's history is underrepresented in the National Park System. The order directs the Secretary of the Interior to deliver a report within 180 days assessing the current sites of national importance related to women's history. This report should also identify opportunities to further represent women's historical contributions. The order aligns with previous executive actions to promote equity and a comprehensive account of America's history. Definitions provided within the order clarify terms like "sites of national importance" and "theme studies."

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Executive Order No. 14120: Advancing Women's Health Research and Innovation

Executive Order 14120, issued on March 18, 2024, focuses on advancing women's health research and innovation. It acknowledges historical gaps in research that did not prioritize women's health, particularly affecting women of color, older women, and women with disabilities. The order highlights past legislative actions like the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993 and the 21st Century Cures Act of 2016, which sought to include more women in clinical research. The executive order establishes the White House Initiative on Women’s Health Research within the Office of the First Lady. This initiative aims to enhance research and investment across federal departments and agencies to develop better tools for preventing, diagnosing, and treating health conditions specific to women. It also seeks to collaborate with industry, philanthropy, and the medical community to improve outcomes in women's health. The overarching goal is to eliminate health disparities and promote significant advancements in the research of women's health.

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Executive Order No. 14119: Scaling and Expanding the Use of Registered Apprenticeships in Industries and the Federal Government and Promoting Labor-Management Forums

The executive order focuses on expanding Registered Apprenticeships and promoting labor-management forums within the Federal Government. It aligns with the Administration's agenda of investing in infrastructure and creating well-paying, sustainable, and equitable jobs. The Federal Government, as a major employer and purchaser, aims to model skills-based hiring to reduce employment barriers and attract a diverse workforce. The order emphasizes strengthening Registered Apprenticeship programs, which are structured pathways offering paid training, work experience, education, and recognized credentials. These programs, governed by specific federal regulations (29 CFR parts 29 and 30), aim to modernize and enhance pathways to federal jobs, promoting opportunities for underserved communities. Additionally, the order supports Labor-Management Forums, which facilitate collaboration among managers, employees, and union representatives to improve labor relations and operational effectiveness in the Federal Government. This collaborative approach complements collective bargaining processes, aiming to ensure high-quality service delivery to the public. Overall, the order mandates promoting skills development, reducing employment barriers, and fostering inclusive job quality and accessibility, alongside advancing cooperative labor-management relations within the federal executive branch.

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Executive Order No. 14118: Termination of Emergency With Respect to the Situation in Zimbabwe

On March 4, 2024, President Joseph R. Biden Jr. issued Executive Order 14118, terminating the national emergency with respect to Zimbabwe that was originally declared in Executive Order 13288 on March 6, 2003, and further actions outlined in Executive Orders 13391 and 13469. The termination was based on the assessment that the national emergency was no longer necessary despite ongoing concerns about violence, human rights abuses, and corruption in Zimbabwe. This order does not affect past actions or proceedings, does not impair legal authorities, and does not establish enforceable legal rights.

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Executive Order No. 14117: Preventing Access to Americans' Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern

Executive Order 14117, issued by President Joseph R. Biden Jr. on February 28, 2024, seeks to enhance national security by expanding the scope of the national emergency originally declared in Executive Order 13873. This order addresses threats posed by certain foreign countries attempting to access Americans' sensitive personal and U.S. Government-related data. These countries use advanced technologies like AI to exploit this data, posing national security threats. The Executive Order prioritizes restricting access to such data when it undermines U.S. security while supporting secure global data flows and maintaining international relationships.

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Executive Order No. 14116: Amending Regulations Relating to the Safeguarding of Vessels, Harbors, Ports, and Waterfront Facilities of the United States

Executive Order 14116, issued on February 21, 2024, amends regulations concerning the security of vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities in the United States. The order recognizes threats from persistent and advanced cyber campaigns against the U.S. that endanger international relations. Key amendments include: 1. Defining the role of "Captain of the Port" as the Coast Guard officer responsible for enforcement within an assigned area, designated by the District Commander. 2. Clarifying "security zones" as designated areas for protecting vessels and facilities from damage. 3. Introducing definitions for "damage" and "cyber incident" in relation to digital infrastructure. 4. Empowering the Captain of the Port to restrict access to persons and digital infrastructures to prevent damage to vessels and facilities. 5. Allowing the establishment of security zones to prevent unauthorized access, ensuring the security and observance of U.S. rights and obligations. These measures aim to enhance maritime security against cyber threats.

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Executive Order No. 14115: Imposing Certain Sanctions on Persons Undermining Peace, Security, and Stability in the West Bank

On February 1, 2024, President Joseph R. Biden Jr. issued Executive Order 14115 to address the situation in the West Bank. This order declares a national emergency due to activities such as extremist settler violence, forced displacement, and property destruction, which threaten the peace and security of the region and undermine U.S. foreign policy objectives. The executive order imposes sanctions on individuals and entities involved in actions that destabilize the West Bank. It blocks U.S.-based property and interests of identified foreign persons and entities, preventing them from being transferred or dealt with. The criteria for these sanctions include those responsible for violence against civilians, property destruction, and other destabilizing activities. The order aims to protect the peace process and U.S. interests in the region.

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Executive Order No. 14114: Taking Additional Steps With Respect to the Russian Federation's Harmful Activities

Executive Order 14114, issued on December 22, 2023, by President Joseph R. Biden Jr., aims to address harmful activities by the Russian Federation, particularly its military-industrial base’s involvement in undermining international security and reliance on global financial systems for acquiring critical items. This order amends Executive Order 14024 by introducing new sanctions. The Secretary of the Treasury, consulting with the Secretaries of State and Commerce, is authorized to sanction foreign financial institutions involved in significant transactions related to Russia's military-industrial sectors. Sanctions may include prohibiting opening or maintaining correspondent or payable-through accounts in the U.S. or blocking property and interests within U.S. jurisdiction. These measures seek to obstruct financial support for sectors linked to Russia’s defense and technology industries that threaten U.S. national security.

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Executive Order No. 14112: Reforming Federal Funding and Support for Tribal Nations To Better Embrace Our Trust Responsibilities and Promote the Next Era of Tribal Self-Determination

Executive Order 14112, issued on December 6, 2023, aims to reform federal funding and support for Tribal Nations while emphasizing respect for Tribal sovereignty and self-determination. The order acknowledges past policies that damaged Tribal communities and highlights the benefits of self-determination policies over the last 50 years, which have helped revitalize Tribal economies and governments. It identifies inefficiencies and burdens in current Federal support programs, noting the complex processes that hinder some Tribal Nations from accessing necessary funds. The administration aims to streamline these processes, building on previous efforts to improve efficiency and strengthen Nation-to-Nation relationships. The order encourages ensuring that Tribal Nations can independently make decisions to meet their communities' needs, recognizing Tribal self-governance as a fundamental right.

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Executive Order No. 14111: Interagency Security Committee

On November 27, 2023, Executive Order 14111 was issued to establish the Interagency Security Committee, aimed at enhancing the security of U.S. federal buildings and facilities occupied by nonmilitary federal employees or contractors. The Committee, chaired by the Secretary of Homeland Security or a designee, is composed of representatives from numerous federal departments and agencies, including major executive departments, intelligence agencies, and other federal officials. Key responsibilities of the Committee include setting security policies and standards, evaluating and ensuring compliance with these standards, fostering intelligence sharing among agencies, assessing technologies for security improvement, and developing specific construction standards for high-threat locations. The Committee can form interagency working groups to assist in these tasks and consult with other federal entities like the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts and the U.S. Postal Service.

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Executive Order No. None: COVID-19 and Public Health Preparedness and Response

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